
L’incendie
L'incendie - Mohammed Dib
Résumé éditeur
À Bni Boublen, minuscule village perché dans les montagnes, la vie suit le rythme des saisons. Dans la plaine, s’étendent les immenses domaines des colons.
Omar, le jeune héros de La Grande Maison, s’initie à cette vie rustique grâce à Comandar, sorte de Dieu Pan.
L’enfant apprendra que les hommes ne sont pas heureux. Les fellahs se réunissent, parlent, s’insurgent contre leur condition misérable et décident de faire grève.
Le pays est en effervescence. Une nuit, le feu prend à des gourbis d’ouvriers agricoles. Les grévistes sont accusés d’être des « incendiaires ». Les meneurs sont arrêtés…
Mohammed Dib porte un témoignage sur la détresse de la paysannerie arabe, sans oublier qu’il est un écrivain pour qui les mots comptent et gardent le sens d’une liberté que nul ne peut confondre.

- EAN : 9782020484985
- Éditeur : Seuil
Lecture
L«Incendie» est peut-etre le maillon faible de cette excellente trilogie algérienne au risque de s’ennuyer un peu en le lisant.
Avec «La grande maison», nous faisions connaissance de Omar et de sa famille ainsi que de Dar Sbitar, leur immeuble misérable. Avec «Le métier à tisser», nous les retrouverons d’abord, puis nous suivrons Omar qui quitte peu à peu le nid et nous verrons comment les choses évoluent, tant pour le petit peuple algérien que pour leur environnement socio-historique. Mais avec «L’incendie»… comment dire?
Nous retrouvons sans préambule Omar à la campagne, séparé de sa mère et de ses sœurs. Ce seraient ses grandes vacances à Bni Boublen et l’occasion pour Mohammed Dib, après nous avoir montré la face urbaine, de nous montrer ce qui se passe dans les campagnes au même moment. Ceci admis, ce n’est pas du tout une mauvaise idée. C’est bien intéressant même; cela aurait juste gagné à s’enchaîner de façon moins abrupte.
La seconde guerre mondiale vient d’être déclarée, les coloniaux sont nerveux, tatillons, prompts à mater violemment tout ce qui de près ou de loin pourrait ressembler à une révolte -que dis-je une révolte?- à une revendication. Parallèlement, leur appétit ne faisant que croître dans son propre mouvement exponentiel, l’exploitation (on peut même dire) le «pressurage» du pays atteint la limite où le fellah qui travaille (ce qu’ils ne peuvent pas toujours faire, leur nombre s’augmentant sans cesse des anciens petits propriétaires ruinés, expropriés) ne gagne même plus assez pour se nourrir… Acculé, il tente de montrer l’impasse où il se trouve en cessant le travail, se heurtant alors à une répression très brutale. Pendant ce temps, les Algériens enrôlés partent à la guerre ils ne savent trop bien où, ni pourquoi. Parallèlement, le sort des femmes est montré, de même que se tend une intrigue de trahison, imprécise.
Et ce, jusqu’au chapitre 27 où tout à coup, nous voilà de retour à Dar Sbitar où nous retrouvons les personnages du volume 1 et où Omar reprend sa vie difficile. Et on ne reparlera plus guère de la campagne ni de ce qui y advint des paysans suivis jusqu’alors. Cela donne une impression bizarre, comme si l’auteur avait tenté de réunir deux textes qui existaient séparément pour en faire ce second volume de sa trilogie, mais que cela ait donné un assemblage sensiblement artificiel et déséquilibré.
C’est bien raconté, sauf peut-etre la scène du délire trop longue, compliquée, artificielle et peu évocatrice, ratant ainsi son but d’émouvoir et d’éclairer, qu’il manquait le regard d’Omar que nous perdons trop souvent de vue après l’avoir montré au début dans ses relations avec les paysans. C’est sa présence plus forte qui aurait donné vie et charisme à ce second tome. Ainsi on aime quand il découvre l’évidence de la vie: »Omar s’étonnait que la vie fut belle avec cette facilité. A Bni Boublen-le-haut, chaque matin, le même émerveillement le surprenait »(21). Nous découvrons avec lui la profusion de contes, de chants, une culture partout diffuse où une poésie luxuriante se mêle à la superstition. Mohammed Dib y donne à voir cette culture maghrébine le plus souvent méprisée voire niée, il lui fait une place dans la littérature. Et à cette poésie populaire, celle de Mohammed Dib fait écho: »L’après-midi d’août s’aiguisait sur les côtes blanchâtres de la falaise » ou : »Quand le soleil fut au dessus de leur tête (…) les moissonneurs durent s’arrêter. Une fois debout, leur ombre retomba à leurs pieds. »
On admire encore bien des choses très bien observées, des passages qui n’hésitent pas à aborder des questions existentielles sur ce qui fait qu’une vie est satisfaisante ou non.
Trilogie algérienne
1 – La grande maison
2 – L’incendie
3 – Le métier à tisser
CRITIQUES, ANALYSES ET AVIS
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